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The reproductive system is part of people’s body , in order for human existence to sustained. The male and the female are formed and developed distinctively, which gives each system a distinctive job, but they also have some similarities. The male’s reproductive system function is to produced, maintained and transport sperm (Cleveland Clinic, 2017) .The female’s reproductive system is to produce and stored ova, and support an embryo that develops.
All together both systems contain functional organs and hormones that work together to generate life. When males go through their adolescent years, changes begin to occur physically and emotionally throughout their body. During puberty boys will develop a deeper voice, hair growth in thepubic area, armpits, legs, arms, and face. Testicles start to get grow and increase, and their testes will then be able to produce sperm and a hormone called testosterone. The penis will increase in length, but not grow as much in width. Meanwhile, the prostate, the two seminal vesicles and Cowper’s glands produce and discharge fluids that combine with the sperm to form semen. Sexual feelings and erections will also be developed.
Erections occur when the penis is filled with blood and stretches in size and shape. Basically, when boys hit puberty from ages 9-14 they will be able to get a female pregnant. The male reproductive system is mostly located outside the body. The structures that are involved are the penis, scrotum ,testicles, and the (Cleveland Clinic, 2017).
The penis is the organ that is needed for sexual intercourse because it transports semen into the female vigina. The penis is composed of three parts, the roots,which are connected to the wall of the abandoned, it connects the penis to the bone of the pelvis through several ligaments. The root is made up of 3 erectile tissues, the two crura and the bulb of the penis. The second part is the shaft known as the body , it is the part that extends out the body to the tip of the penis.
The third part is the glans, which is the head of the penis and the tip is the urethral which is open. This lets semen and urine come out. The glans is a delicate area with multiple nerve endings, so it is covered with a layer of loosened skin known as foreskin (Cleveland Clinic, 2017) , in order to protect it’s sensitivity. The scrotum is an organ made of skin that looks like a sac and hangs behind the penis. Its consist of 2 pouches that are alongside and each contains testes, one gland produces sperm and the other stores the sperm.
“The testes are organs that look oval and are about the size of an olive” (Cleveland Clinic, 2017) . Their function is to make testosterone and produce sperm. The task of the scrotum is to keep “the testes at a constant temperature a little cooler than the body temperature” (Cleveland Clinic, 2017).
In my opinion if there was no control to maintain the sperm at a certain temperature, then it will eventually die. The Epididymis is a long firmly coiled tube that rest along the backside of each testicle. (Cleveland Clinic, 2017) .
In figure 1, the epididymis looks like it is bend on the back edge of each testis. It also consists of three categories, the head, body, and tail. The head stores sperm until it is ready to go through maturation. The body is a long twisted tube where the sperm will then mature. The tail is join to the deferent duct. Even though the epidermis looks like a small organ, it is actually long when expanded.On the other side, the organs that are inside of the male reproductive system, are Vas deferens, Ejaculatory ducts, Urethra, Seminal vesicles, Prostate gland and the Bulbourethral glands (Cleveland Clinic, 2017). Vas deferens is a big muscular tube that goes through the epididymis into the pelvic cavity and at the back of the bladder.
It’s job is to carry mature sperm to the urethra in order for ejaculation to occur. According to figure 1 we can see, Ejaculatory ducts are created by the joining of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle. The urethra attaches the urinary bladder to the penis. The urethra is a tube that has distinctive functions , it moves urine from the bladder to the outside of the body and ejaculate semen when an orgasm occurs in males (Cleveland Clinic, 2017). In this case, ” the flow of urine is blocked from the urethra, allowing only semen to be ejaculated” (Cleveland Clinic, 2017).
Figure 1, shows the seminal vesicles as a paired of organs that look like sacks. These sacks are connected to the vas deferens in the back of the bladder. These vesicles are important because they produce sugar known as fructose, needed to give energy and help the sperm move toward the egg. Therefore, the prostate gland adds more fluid to support the sperm and when a male ejaculates, the fluid along from other glands form semen, which is then expelled (Cleveland Clinic, 2017). Another type of gland is the bulbourethral, it also contributes to the addition of the fluid to the semen.
Their responsibility is to create a fluid that is slippery and clear. The fluid helps to lubricate the urethra and prevent acidity due to urine (Cleveland Clinic, 2017)Now that the organ functions in the reproductive system were explained, what are the steps to create sperm?. The formation of sperm is known as spermatogenesis, during this process diploid cells called spermatogonia divide through mitosis while the resulting cells continue to work as spermatoni (Freeman, 2017).
Others will also form into specialized cells that are primarily focused on developing the sperm. The specialized cells then form primary spermatocytes, in this case these cells go through meiosis I, which form the secondary spermatocytes that then go through meiosis II (Freeman, 2017). At the end of this process four haploid cells are the results. The haploid cells will then mature into sperm .
The task of “the sperm is to carry a haploid genome from the male through the female reproductive tract and fertilizing an egg” (Freeman, 2017).To get a closer look at the sperm cell the structure can be seen in Figure 2, it shows the head that holds the nucleus and an enzyme-filled structure known as the acrosome (Freeman, 2017). “The neck encloses a centriole that will combine with a centriole contributed by the egg to form a centrosome” (Freeman, 2017). In figure 2, we can see the middle piece is filled with mitochondria creating ATP that is needed to power the movement of sperm. The last structure is the tail, it is made up of flagellum which is composed of microtubules and is surrendered by the plasma membrane. This makes it possible for the sperm to swim in directions.
